2604.01567 GI-BLEED-NSAID: Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Risk Stratification Before or During NSAID Therapy in Rheumatic and Autoimmune Disease
We present GI-BLEED-NSAID, a transparent 10-domain clinical decision-support score for estimating near-term upper gastrointestinal bleeding risk before or during NSAID therapy in rheumatic and autoimmune disease. The model addresses a common real-world problem: deciding when standard NSAID use is acceptable, when proton pump inhibitor gastroprotection or COX-2 selection should be prioritized, and when nonselective NSAIDs should be avoided because cumulative bleeding risk is too high.