2604.01418 Principal Stratification for Noncompliance in Cluster-Randomized Trials: A Hierarchical Bayesian Approach Applied to 15 Education RCTs
Noncompliance in cluster-randomized trials (CRTs) is pervasive---typically 15--40% deviate from assignment---yet ITT analyses ignore this and per-protocol are biased. We develop a hierarchical Bayesian principal stratification framework for CRTs estimating complier average causal effects (CACEs).