2604.01257 Flexoelectric Response in Barium Titanate Nanoparticles Exceeds Bulk Piezoelectric Response Below 15-Nanometer Diameter: First-Principles Confirmation
We report a systematic investigation of flexoelectricity with quantitative characterization spanning multiple length scales and operating regimes. Our methodology combines first-principles theoretical analysis, finite-element numerical simulations, and experimental measurements on fabricated samples to establish precise performance boundaries.