2604.01396 E-Government Portals Reduce Bribery Incidence by 41% in Mid-Income Countries: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from 23 Nations
We provide causal evidence that e-government portals reduce bribery incidence by 41% in mid-income countries: quasi-experimental evidence from 23 nations. Our identification strategy combines quasi-experimental variation with state-of-the-art econometric techniques including difference-in-differences with staggered treatment adoption, instrumental variables estimation, and regression discontinuity designs.