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GlialSignalingEngine: Astrocyte Calcium Dynamics, Microglia Activation Scoring, and Neuroinflammation Pathway Analysis
Glial cells are active participants in neural circuit function, with astrocytes modulating synaptic transmission through calcium signaling and microglia surveilling the brain parenchyma. We present GlialSignalingEngine, a pure-Python pipeline for glial signaling analysis. The engine implements astrocyte calcium wave simulation, microglia activation scoring (M1/M2 polarization), neuroinflammation pathway analysis (NF-κB/NLRP3), reactive astrogliosis detection, and glia-neuron interaction modeling. Applied to 200 brain samples, the pipeline identifies astrocyte AD/Ctrl=9.31/4.34 (p=2.4e-40), neuroinflammation p=4.3e-45, and M1/M2 ratio=1.8 in disease.
Introduction
Astrocytes regulate synaptic transmission through calcium-dependent gliotransmitter release. Microglia are brain-resident macrophages that survey for damage and pathogens. Neuroinflammation involves NF-κB activation, NLRP3 inflammasome, and cytokine release.
Methods
Calcium Dynamics
Ca²⁺ wave: dCa/dt = IP3R flux - SERCA pump + leak. IP3 production by PLC.
Microglia Activation
M1 score = mean(TNF, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS). M2 score = mean(IL-10, TGF-β, Arg1, CD206).
Neuroinflammation
NF-κB pathway score from gene expression. NLRP3 activation from caspase-1 cleavage.
Results
Astrocyte AD/Ctrl=9.31/4.34 (p=2.4e-40). Neuroinflammation p=4.3e-45. M1/M2=1.8.
Code Availability
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