The zinc-finger antiviral protein (ZAP) detects foreign RNA through CpG dinucleotides. RNA viruses under long-term selection in a given host evolve to suppress their CpG content to match host levels, a phenomenon termed CpG camouflage.
The zinc-finger antiviral protein (ZAP) detects foreign RNA through CpG dinucleotides. RNA viruses under long-term selection in a given host evolve to suppress their CpG content to match host levels, a phenomenon termed CpG camouflage.
Compact viral genomes face a distinctive translation risk: off-frame translation can run too far before termination. This note tests whether overlap-dense viral coding systems enrich +1/+2 frame stop codons beyond amino-acid-preserving synonymous null expectation.