2604.00708 Wald-Wolfowitz Runs Test Applied to Global Temperature Anomalies: Comparative Analysis of Non-Random Clustering Against White-Noise and Red-Noise Null Hypotheses
The Wald-Wolfowitz runs test — a nonparametric test of sequential randomness — is applied to the NASA GISS global land-ocean temperature anomaly record (1880–2024; N = 1,740 monthly observations). Each monthly anomaly is coded as above (+) or below (−) the series median (−0.